How would you react to being told that the L-4 and L-5 vertebrae in your lower back need to be fused together, held in place with four outsized screws? The L4-L5 are the two lowest vertebrae of the spine. Together with the intervertebral disc, joints nerves and soft tissues, they provide a variety of functions, including supporting the upper body and allowing trunk motion in multiple directions. Due to its heavy load-bearing function and wide range of flexibility, the L4-L5 is susceptible to ...

Expand Access on Federal Lands in NYLast month, Interior Secretary David Bernhardt proposed expanding hunting and fishing opportunities across more than 2.3 million acres at 97 national wildlife refuges and nine national fish hatcheries. If enacted, this rule will enhance our outdoor traditions and boost the nation’s $887-billion outdoor recreation economy by providing for the largest expansion of public hunting and fishing access on national wildlife refuge lands in U.S. history.  It's a ...

  By Garrett Titus   The crisp turquoise spring water ripples across the front of my canoe, with the gentle strokes of my paddle and the soothing melody of stirring songbirds the only sounds as I traverse downstream. Steam is coming from the water like a fire that has almost burned itself out, while the sunlight pierces through the sycamores, providing me a clearer path through the rapids and root wads. The river bluffs rise high above on either side almost as if to point my eyes to the ...

This week we’re sitting down at the vise with guest tier Garrison Doctor, co-founder of Rep Your Water, to tie a pattern he calls the “Jigged CDC Quails Nest”. The pattern is a simple tungsten bead soft hackle tied on a jig hook, though the pattern can absolutely be tied on a conventional straight-shanked hook too. The fly is great for making use of upland bird feathers. Garrison is using bobwhite quail from last fall’s hunt, but ruffed grouse and dusky grouse feathers will also work ...